Although peripheral as well as central administration of XPro1595, an inhibitor of sTNFα, failed to inhibit TMEV-induced acute seizures, the data acquired from WT and genetically modified animals suggest that signaling through the TNFα system may play an important role in seizure generation during the acute infection period and may serve as an important therapeutic target in conditions in which inflammation contributes to seizure generation. Here, TNF is linked to infection.