On the other hand, high glucose level leads to the induction of transforming growth factor-(TGF-β) presentation in the glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments that enhances the level of TGF-β leading to kidney enlargement, glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease (18-20). Here, TGFB1 is linked to diabetic kidney disease.