FMO5 and chronic granulomatous disease: For example, the monogenic immunodeficiency chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) caused by mutation in genes that code for the phagocyte NADPH oxidase and resulting in aberrant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated not only with increased susceptibility to infection but also with sterile inflammation in organs like the gastrointestinal tract, urogenital tract, and lungs (43–45).