CCL3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: We have previously shown that CCL3 (a ligand for CCR5) levels are increased in COPD sputum, and that CCL3 and CCR5 blockade reduces monocyte chemotaxis to COPD sputum supernatant [16]; we now demonstrate that exposure to rhCCL3, induces migration of COPD CD14+ monocytes.