GDF15 and heart failure: While there are many promising circulating biomarkers including PlGF, GDF-15, sFlt1, hs-CRP, glycogen phosphorylase BB, and H-FABP, which may give additional insight on the role of growth, proliferation, and/or inflammation in heart failure, we will focus our attention on galectin-3, soluble ST-2, myeloperoxidase, and fibrocytes [6].