Serum S100B levels have also been reported as an informative surrogate biomarker for ischemia-related brain damage.26, 27 Strikingly, ELISA-measured S100B level in the sera from the blood collected on postoperative day 7 showed a significant decrease in BM-B&V group compared to both BM-Vehicle and PBS blank controls, although it was still slightly higher than the sham control (Figure 4b). The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is ischemia.