ULK1 and hydrops fetalis: Here, we report that HF regulates mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser757 to initiate autophagy under nutrient-replete condition;16 whereas HF inhibits AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser317 and Ser777 to inhibit autophagy under nutrient-poor condition.17 Furthermore, we also interrogated the interplay between autophagy and glucose metabolism including glycolysis in nutrient-rich condition as well as gluconeogenesis in nutrient-poor condition, and found that HF modulates glucose metabolism in an ATG7-dependent manner.