DKK1 and cancer: Recent studies have shown that NMI can suppress tumor invasion and metastasis by inhibiting the acetylation of p65 through NF-κB pathway.13 Loss of NMI can enhance the invasive ability of breast cancer by aberrant activation of TGF-β/SMAD signaling.14 NMI can also suppress tumor growth by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling via upregulation of DKK1.15 However, whether NMI has anti-cancer role through regulating the growth of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has not been reported.