Erythropoietin (EPO) promotes proliferation and differentiation of red blood cells and has been used in clinical treatment of anemia, prevention of spinal cord injury [59], retinal ischemia [60],skeletal muscle ischemia [58],pulmonary hypertension [61], and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury [62, 63]. Here, EPO is linked to anemia (phenotype).