Wnt5a-induced formation of mammospheres was not caused by an increase in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but was instead mediated by noncanonical Wnt signaling requiring the receptor tyrosine kinase ROR2 and the activity of the Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK, in mouse breast cancer cells [46]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and breast carcinoma.