Prevalence data, estimated by the Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) Risk Factor Collaboration, were pooled from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers to arrive at estimated trends in diabetes prevalence since 1980.3 Diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥7.0 mmol/L; a history of diagnosis with diabetes; or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.