Sustained beneficial effects on vascular complications from intensive proactive multiple risk factor intervention was demonstrated in the Steno-2 Study, which involved 160 patients with type 2 diabetes and persistent microalbuminuria.22 With a mean follow-up of 7.8 years, results show that the relative risk of developing kidney, eye, and nerve complications all remained diminished by about 50% for the intensively-treated group, treated with angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, statins, and glucose-lowering drugs. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and type 2 diabetes mellitus.