IFNG and infection: Dendritic cells activated by TLR (Andrade et al., 2013) and inflammatory monocytes (Dunay et al., 2008) produce IL-12 that triggers IFN-γ production by both T helper (Th1) and NK cells (Gazzinelli et al., 1993, 1994); and IFN-γ is essential to control the parasite in acute (Suzuki et al., 1988) and chronic phase (Gazzinelli et al., 1992) of infection.