A tree combining all of the aforementioned cytokines, excepting MCP-1, was generated to diagnose ovarian cancer versus controls with sensitivity 84% and specificity 95%; a tree combining CA-125, G-CSF, IL-6, EGF, and VEGF was generated to distinguish ovarian cancer from benign ovarian tumors with sensitivity 86.5% and specificity 93%. Here, VEGFA is linked to ovarian cancer.