The fact that IL-23 is not a cytokine produced by BEC-conditioned monocytes even upon LPS stimulation, leads us to believe that, in tissues where a BEC-conditioned monocyte encounters a memory T cell, it will have a specific role in homeostatic immune function and if there is any IL-17 induced it will then be more protective, e.g., against a fungal infection. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and fungal infectious disease.