While it thus seems that NPT might contribute to a risk-free early diagnosis of AD, it should be validated with established biomarkers like Aβ(1–42) and tau protein to reduce the risk of circular reasoning in predicting clinical diagnoses based on clinical neuropsychological assessments (Haldenwanger et al., 2010; Fields et al., 2011; Nelson et al., 2012, for previous work on relationships between NPT results and non-clinical biomarkers). This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.