A CSF pro-inflammatory response consists of an interplay of Th1 (IFN-γ and IL‐6), Th2 (IL‐4 and IL‐10) and Th17 cytokines (IL‐17A) and has been shown to be highly predictive of increased macrophage activation, rapid clearance of infection and consequently better survival in patients with CM [9]. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is infection.