AIF1 and Alzheimer disease: Microglial cell polarization is a complex matter, as it has been demonstrated in Alzheimer’s disease where microglia can co-express classical markers of activation concomitant with markers of opposite, non-classically activated phenotypes.80 This is in line with the microglia phenotype we describe in the current study: an increase in IL-6, TSPO binding and Iba1 reactivity is accompanied by unchanged levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1β and impairment in phagocytosis.