Previous studies have revealed that inactivation of A2ARs protects cognitive function under various conditions, including blast-TBI4 and amyloid-β-induced synaptotoxicity and tauopathy in an AD mouse model.46 A2ARs are up-regulated upon various noxious brain conditions.47, 48, 49, 50, 51 In addition, we also detected an increase in A2AR expression in the mouse TBI model (data not shown) and TBI patients' brain tissues. The gene discussed is ADORA2A; the disease is Alzheimer disease.