HSPA1A and atrial fibrillation: Some HSPs were found to interact directly with ion channels, such as HSPB5 with Na+ channels (Kashlan et al. 2007) and HSPA1A with cardiac K+ channel HERG (Ficker et al. 2003) and voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Krieger et al. 2006), suggesting a possible role for HSPBs in AF attenuation by interacting with ion channels.