Dysregulation of ST2/IL-33 signaling and sST2 production have been implicated in a variety of inflammatory diseases such as cardiac disease (9–12), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (13–16), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (17–24), small bowel transplant rejection (25), and type 2 diabetes (26–29). This evidence concerns the gene IL1RL1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.