HMGB1 and infection: After pru strain parasites infection stimulated a sustainable time-independent release of HMGB1 from the normal PMΦs (up panel of Figure 4B), and as expected, a large number of HMGB1 were released upon T. gondii infected the IFN-γ primed PMΦs (bottom panel of Figure 4B), both the z-VAD-fmk or ac-YVAD-cmk inhibitor treatment delayed and suppressed HMGB1 release.