For example, MMP-2 and MMP-14 levels robustly increase in LV pressure overload models and myocardial biopsies of aortic stenosis (AS), whereas the levels of MMP-14, MMP-7, MMP-8, and MMP-9 increase in end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is aortic stenosis.