AKT1 and malignant glioma: Isoform-specific Akt abnormalities have been reported in many cancer cells, such as the overexpression of Akt1 in thyroid and non-small cell lung cancers (Lee et al., 2011; Saji et al., 2011), Akt2 and Akt3 in malignant glioma (Mure et al., 2010; Turner et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2009), and Akt3 in melanoma, ovarian, and breast cancer (Chin et al., 2014; Grabinski et al., 2014; Madhunapantula et al., 2011; Stahl et al., 2004; Turner et al., 2015).