The pro-apoptotic effect of melatonin on pancreatic tumor cells has been demonstrated by Li et al. and Xu et al., who have shown that the application of melatonin to cancer cells resulted in the strong expression of pro-apoptotic Bax proteins followed by the activation of caspase-3 and inhibition of an anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 [82,89]. This evidence concerns the gene BAX and pancreatic neoplasm.