CD274 and adenocarcinoma: Metformin’s inhibition of EMT has also been reported in several other studies, Kurimoto et al. reported that both PC-9 and HCC-827 adenocarcinoma cells treated with TGF-β and FGF-2 to induce EMT, had elevated levels of PD-L1 (a marker of EMT) and increased resistance to gefitinib and cisplatin, however treatment with metformin (0.1–10 mM) suppressed PD-L1 expression and reversed resistance to gefitinib and cisplatin [48].