UBA3 and lung carcinoma: Several recent studies have observed a correlation between overactivation of NEDD8 pathway components, including NEDD8, UBA3, NAE1, and Ubc12, with cancer progression and poor prognosis in human lung cancers (Li et al., 2014), colorectal cancers (Xie et al., 2014), and glioblastomas (Hua et al., 2015).