The acute pancreatitis subjects had higher proportions of etodolac use, use of other cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, alcohol-related disease, biliary stone, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and hypertriglyceridemia than the control subjects to statistical significance (Chi-square test, P < 0.001 for all). Here, PTGS2 is linked to chronic kidney disease.