ACE and endothelial dysfunction: CGAs have been hypothesized (i) to exert antihypertensive effects attenuating oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species) by reducing NAD(P)H-dependent super-oxide production and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction and (ii) to interact with the renin–angiotensin aldosterone system by inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzyme activity both in vitro and in vivo [46, 47].