While much of the animal literature has focused on the role of 5-HT1A in anxiety, where studies have shown 5-HT1A knockout (KO) mice to have a robust anxiety phenotype behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) (22–25) and certain fear conditioning paradigms (26), more recent work has investigated its role in schizophrenia-related behaviors. This evidence concerns the gene HTR1A and schizophrenia.