PTGS2 and cancer: In view of our present observations that S. aureus increases PGE2 production by HOK and PGE2 in turn facilitates the growth and adherence of S. aureus, further studies seeking for the probable mediating roles of COX-2/PGE2 pathway in the relationship between inflammation and cancer can be conducted, which may suggest COX-2/PGE2 axis targeting strategies for the prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer diseases.