KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: For localized PCa, active surveillance (AS), radical prostatectomy (RP), and radiation therapy (RT) are the primary treatment choices.[5] The number of men treated with RP remained stable during 1990 to 2013, those treated with AS or watchful waiting (WW) increased and those receiving RT and hormone therapy decreased.[6] WW is distinct from AS in that WW is an unstructured follow-up, usually in men with an actuarial survival of ≤10 years, while AS is a structured program of PSA monitoring, physician exam, imaging, and pathological evaluation with biopsy.