RARS1 and acute myeloid leukemia: ATRA acts mainly through a family of nuclear receptors, including RARs, which activate the transcription of retinoid acid response element (RARE)-regulated target genes.39 A RARE domain reportedly exists in the STAT1 promoter.15 Although other compounds, such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, are capable of inducing AML cell differentiation through a RARα-independent mechanism, side effects limit their clinical use.28 Dip G shows a unique biological action that modulates ERK activation and nuclear translocation of STAT1 (Ser727), which is distinct from both its analog Rev and ATRA.