Yamakawa et al. compared the baseline and survival characteristics of patients with SSc-ILD and SSc-antibody-positive-ILD (ScAb-ILD), who had detectable anti-centromere, anti-Scl70 and/or anti-U1 RNP antibodies but did not fulfil diagnostic criteria for SSc [135]. The gene discussed is U1; the disease is interstitial lung disease.