The contribution of calpain activity to muscle wasting induced by tumor growth in rats bearing the Yoshida AH-130 hepatoma was suggested by the progressive reduction of both calpastatin and the 130 kDa Ca2+-ATPase levels (Costelli et al., 2001), as well as by the increased cleavage in vitro of specific fluorogenic substrates (Costelli et al., 2002; Borges et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene CAST and hepatocellular carcinoma.