Remarkably, when Ube2Ds or Ube2N was ectopically expressed in si-Ube2D3/Ube2N−/− cells, MAVS aggregation could be fully restored on virus infection (Fig. 3f), and IFN induction was also rescued (Supplementary Fig. 3e). The gene discussed is UBE2D3; the disease is viral infectious disease.