Genes related to choline, betaine and L-carnitine metabolism were significantly depleted in the CKD patients, including K07271 (functional annotation: LPS phosphatidyl-choline acyltransferase), K01004 (functional annotation: phosphatidylcholine synthase), K00499 (functional annotation: choline monooxygenase), K00130 (functional annotation: betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase), and K00540 (functional annotation: Cnt B). This evidence concerns the gene ALDH7A1 and chronic kidney disease.