To test the importance of L-type channels in PD-like pathology, mice, midbrain slices or cultured neurons from mice were pretreated with Isradipine, an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, and then exposed to α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFF), or to the toxic effects of environmental factors known to cause PD by interfering with the mitochondrial complex I, namely rotenone or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) (Brown et al., 2006; Chan et al., 2007; Dryanovski et al., 2013; Goldman, 2014; Ilijic et al., 2011; Van Maele-Fabry et al., 2012). The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.