TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Shortly after the discovery of TARDBP mutations, mutations in FUS, which encodes the nuclear protein fused in sarcoma (FUS) (also known as translated in liposarcoma, TLS), were identified in a subset of individuals with ALS, and FUS was revealed to be mislocalized to the cytoplasm (Kwiatkowski et al., 2009; Vance et al., 2009).