Verrijn Stuart et al. found that in type 1 diabetes patients, plasma levels of adiponectin, leptin, retinal binding protein (RBP)-4, cathepsin S, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, chemerin, serum amyloid A-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI)-1, and CCL2 levels were increased compared to control subjects [24]. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.