To confirm the effect of IL-6 on the production of cytokines in MM cells, we analyzed the expression of cytokines and whether IL-6 treatment induces paracrine effects of other cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, on cultured supernatant or protein expression in cell lysates (Figure 1A). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Miyoshi myopathy.