NFKB1 and colitis: Mangiferin also downregulates the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, phosphorylation of NF-κB p65, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in the colon of a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model in mice.