On the other hand, IFN-γ is also known to promote tumor cell growth via two main mechanisms: 1) IFN-γ induces a high level of programmed death (PD)-L1 expression on the tumor cell surface [35], which inhibits T cell activation by binding to PD-L1 receptors expressed on T cells, and 2) IFN-γ increases the expression of non-cognate MHC class I molecules on tumor cells [36], which likely reduces the capacity of tumor cells to be recognized by Ag-specific CTLs. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.