Based on a GSA between adult heart-enriched lincRNAs and functional gene sets associated with heart development and disease, the adult heart-enriched lincRNAs were associated not only with MAPK signaling, heart function, heart contraction, and sarcomere organization, but also with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) signaling, and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) (Fig. 6A). Here, MAPK8 is linked to familial dilated cardiomyopathy.