TCF4 and colorectal carcinoma: Moreover, we found that another CSC‐associated NANOG pathway was also activated [increased NANOG and OCT4 (also known as POU5F1) expression] in LPEC‐1 CM‐treated CRC cells, whereas other CSC‐associated genes [such as GLI, CTNNB1 (β‐catenin) TCF4, LGR5, and BMI] remained unchanged (data not shown).