CSMD2 and cancer: It has been reported that COL7A1 expression was significantly upregulated in cancer stem cells in solid tumors by the positive stimulation of TGFB1 signaling.35TGFB is a critical regulator of Akt activation in leukemia-initiating cells and controls FOXO3A localization in CML, which is responsible for maintaining leukemia-initiating cells.36 A CSMD2 mutation has not yet been reported in hematological malignancies, but it is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in pancreatic and colorectal cancers.