Since other studies revealed the function of NleC either in the context of bacterial infections, where the NF-κB pathways is naturally stimulated (Baruch et al., 2011), or as ectopically expressed proteins, where the amount of rNleC produced exceeds that in natural translocation (Mühlen et al., 2011), the preference for p65 upon pathway stimulation was not detected previously. Here, NFKB1 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.