ALK and non-small cell lung carcinoma: First described in 2007, rearrangements in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) genes have been found to drive approximately 5–10% of all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases, disproportionately affecting younger, generally non- or light smoking, patients12–14.