We have demonstrated that HSP70 plays a role in modulation of NF-κB activation in alveolar macrophages of TB patients, probably through inhibiting IκB-α phosphorylation and IκB-α degradation or acting as a chaperone molecule to prevent NF-κB p65 subunit binding to the target genes by facilitating degradation. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and tuberculosis.