In line with previous observations12, TCGA GBM patients exhibiting higher expression of Th1/Treg metagene-ratio (i.e. more Th1 expression and less Treg expression) (Fig. 5A) and CTL/Treg metagene-ratio (Fig. 5B), had prolonged overall survival (OS) compared to corresponding low expression groups, as indicated by hazard ratios (HRs; 0.83 (0.66–1.05) for Th1/Treg metagene-ratio and 0.81 (0.64–1.03) for CTL/Treg metagene-ratio). This evidence concerns the gene NELFCD and glioblastoma.