Cognitive impairment in human cerebral malaria was associated with high cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) including IL-6, CXCL-8/IL-8, G-CSF, TNF-α and IL-1Ra, whereas a correlation between serum and CSF levels was only found for G-CSF [16]. The gene discussed is CXCL8; the disease is cerebral malaria.